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1.中北大学 能源与动力工程学院,山西 太原030051
2.中国北方发动机研究所(天津),天津 300400
李晓杰(1979-), 男, 高级实验师, 博士, 主要从事动力电池BMS设计与开发方面的研究。E⁃mail: lixiaojie16@nuc.edu.cn。
收稿:2024-11-30,
纸质出版:2025-06-30
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李晓杰, 苏振洋, 丁技峰. 基于数据驱动的电动汽车动力电池故障预测算法[J]. 中北大学学报(自然科学版), 2025, 46(3): 293-305.
LI Xiaojie, SU Zhenyang, Ding Jifeng. Real vehicle fault prediction algorithm of electric vehicle based on data drive[J]. Journal of North University of China(Natural Science Edition), 2025, 46(3): 293-305.
李晓杰, 苏振洋, 丁技峰. 基于数据驱动的电动汽车动力电池故障预测算法[J]. 中北大学学报(自然科学版), 2025, 46(3): 293-305. DOI: 10.62756/jnuc.issn.1673-3193.2024.11.0018.
LI Xiaojie, SU Zhenyang, Ding Jifeng. Real vehicle fault prediction algorithm of electric vehicle based on data drive[J]. Journal of North University of China(Natural Science Edition), 2025, 46(3): 293-305. DOI: 10.62756/jnuc.issn.1673-3193.2024.11.0018.
针对现在电动汽车电池系统实车故障预测的难题, 提出了一种利用贝叶斯算法优化长短期记忆神经网络(Long Short-Term Memory)的实车故障预测算法。首先通过皮尔森相关系数法确定了LSTM的输入与输出特征, 有效解决了现有工程数据量大、 输入输出特征过多导致深度学习模型过拟合或欠拟合的问题。然后利用贝叶斯算法优化LSTM的超参数, 重点解决了LSTM的超参数设置困难和导致误报的问题, 经过贝叶斯算法优化后确定了最终的超参数组合, 提出了建立单体电池电压预测模型来预测整车电池电压的方法, 节约了模型训练时间, 接着对单体选择的不同方式进行了测试, 确定将每帧时间下所有单体电池电压的中位数作为新的单体电池电压来进行模型训练, 进而建立了单体电池电压的预测模型。经过实车数据验证, 相对于LSTM的整车电池电压预测模型, 基于LSTM的单体电池电压预测模型的RMSE、 MAE以及MRE分别下降了61.59%, 61.31%和60.94%, 有效提高了实车电池电压预测精度, 最终验证了所建立的电压预测模型的优越性、 可靠性以及鲁棒性。
To solve the problem of real vehicle fault prediction of electric vehicle battery system, a new algorithm for predicting real vehicle fault using Bayesian algorithm to optimize Long Short-Term Memory neural network (LSTM) was proposed. Firstly, the input and output features of LSTM were determined by Pearson correlation coefficient method, which effectively solved the problem of overfitting or underfitting of deep learning model caused by large amount of existing engineering data and excessive input and output features. Then, Bayes algorithm was used to optimize the hyperparameters of LSTM, it focused on solving the problem of difficult setting of LSTM hyperparameters, which led to false positives. The final combination of hyperparameters was determined after optimization by Bayes algorithm, and the method of establishing a single battery voltage prediction model to predict the vehicle battery voltage was proposed, which saved the model training time. The median of all single battery voltages under each frame time was determined as a new single battery voltage to train the model, and then the single battery voltage prediction model was established. Through the verification of real vehicle data, RMSE, MAE and MRE of the single unit voltage prediction model based on LSTM decreased by 61.59%, 61.31% and 60.94%, respectively, compared with the vehicle voltage prediction model based on LSTM, effectively improving the accuracy of real vehicle voltage prediction. Finally, the superiority, reliability and robustness of the proposed voltage prediction model were verified.
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