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1.南京欧帕提亚信息科技有限公司,江苏 南京 211100
2.三江学院土木工程学院,江苏 南京210012
3.联勤保障部队工程大学,天津 300161
王亮(1979-), 男, 讲师, 博士, 主要从事计算流体力学的研究。
王丙(1986-), 男, 讲师, 博士, 主要从事国防交通工程和流固耦合方面的研究。E⁃mail: wangbingouc@163.com。
收稿:2025-04-29,
网络首发:2026-07-31,
纸质出版:2026-08-31
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王亮, 王丙, 江召兵. 鱼类自主游动时摆频与摆幅的最优组合研究[J]. 中北大学学报(自然科学版), 2026, 47(4): 440-448.
Wang Liang, Wang Bing, Jiang Zhaobing. Research on the optimal combination of tail⁃beat frequency and swing of fish during self⁃propelled swimming[J]. Journal of North University of China(Natural Science Edition), 2026, 47(4): 440-448.
王亮, 王丙, 江召兵. 鱼类自主游动时摆频与摆幅的最优组合研究[J]. 中北大学学报(自然科学版), 2026, 47(4): 440-448. DOI: 10.62756/jnuc.issn.1673-3193.2025.04.0022.
Wang Liang, Wang Bing, Jiang Zhaobing. Research on the optimal combination of tail⁃beat frequency and swing of fish during self⁃propelled swimming[J]. Journal of North University of China(Natural Science Edition), 2026, 47(4): 440-448. DOI: 10.62756/jnuc.issn.1673-3193.2025.04.0022.
鱼的游速可以通过摆频和摆幅两种方式进行调节, 如何确定具体游速下摆频和摆幅的最优节能组合, 对理解鱼游机理和提高机器鱼等仿生航行器的续航能力具有重要意义。本文采用自适应网格下的ghost-cell浸没边界方法, 数值模拟了鱼类在不同摆频和摆幅下的自主游动, 分析了摆频和摆幅对单位能耗的影响。研究结果表明: 在相同摆幅条件下, 游速与摆频近似呈线性关系; 在相同游速条件下, 以不同摆幅游动单位距离所需能耗差异显著, 最大差值可达2.5倍, 且能耗随摆幅不是单调变化的, 存在着最节能的最优摆幅, 当游速为1.5无量纲单位时, 最优摆幅为0.07倍鱼体长度; 最优摆幅随着游速的增大而减小, 但在一定游速范围内, 最优摆幅可以看作常值, 如游速在1.0~2.0无量纲单位时, 最优摆幅维持在0.05~0.07倍鱼体长度之间。因此, 鱼类最节能的游动方式为: 基于游速区间的分段调节策略, 在不同游速范围内匹配对应的最优摆幅, 再通过摆频调节具体游速。
The swimming velocity of fish can be adjusted by tail-beat frequency and swing, how to determine the optimal tail-beat frequency and swing of specific swimming velocity is of great significance for understanding the swimming mechanism of fish and improving the range of bionic vehicles such as robotic fish. Using the ghost-cell immersed boundary method with adaptive mesh, the self-propelled swimming of fish under different tail-beat frequencies and swings is numerically simulated, and the effects of frequency and swing on the unit energy consumption are analyzed. The results show that the relationship between swimming velocity and tail-beat frequency is approximately linear under the same tail-beat swing. Under the condition of the same swimming velocity, the energy consumption required per unit distance with different tail-beat swings varies significantly, with a maximum difference of 2.5 times, the energy consumption does not change monotonously with tail-beat swing and there is an optimal tail-beat swing of energy-saving. When the swimming velocity is 1.5 non-dimensional units, the optimal tail-beat swing is 0.07 times the body length. The optimal tail-beat swing decreases with the increase of swimming velocity, being regarded as a constant value in a certain range of swimming velocity. For example, when the swimming velocity is between 1.0 and 2.0 non-dimensional units, the optimal tail-beat swing remains between 0.05 and 0.07 times the body length. Therefore, the most energy-efficient swimming mode for fish is as follows: based on a segmented regulation strategy for swimming velocity intervals, the corresponding optimal tail-beat swing is matched within different velocity ranges, and the specific swimming velocity is adjusted by tail-beat frequency.
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