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中北大学 仪器与电子学院,山西 太原 030051
王仕杰(2000-), 硕士生, 主要从事嵌入式系统及仪器的研究。
武锦辉(1978-), 男, 教授, 博士, 主要从事高动态光参数光电探测技术、 光纤传感技术、 嵌入式系统及仪器的研究。E⁃mail: wujinhui@nuc.edu.cn。
收稿:2025-10-26,
网络首发:2026-06-13,
纸质出版:2026-08-31
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王仕杰, 武锦辉, 刘吉, 等. 基于Transformer⁃FPGA协同特征建模的光电坐标高精度定位技术[J]. 中北大学学报(自然科学版), 2026, 47(4): 472-481.
Wang Shijie, Wu Jinhui, Liu Ji, et al. High⁃precision photoeletric coordinate positioning technology based on Transformer-FPGA collaborative feature modeling[J]. Journal of North University of China(Natural Science Edition), 2026, 47(4): 472-481.
王仕杰, 武锦辉, 刘吉, 等. 基于Transformer⁃FPGA协同特征建模的光电坐标高精度定位技术[J]. 中北大学学报(自然科学版), 2026, 47(4): 472-481. DOI: 10.62756/jnuc.issn.1673-3193.2025.10.0021.
Wang Shijie, Wu Jinhui, Liu Ji, et al. High⁃precision photoeletric coordinate positioning technology based on Transformer-FPGA collaborative feature modeling[J]. Journal of North University of China(Natural Science Edition), 2026, 47(4): 472-481. DOI: 10.62756/jnuc.issn.1673-3193.2025.10.0021.
针对光电坐标检测系统中传统算法在复杂遮挡场景下定位精度不足的问题, 本文提出了一种基于Transformer模型的弹丸着靶坐标检测算法。该算法结合FPGA进行信号采集与预处理, 利用Transformer强大的特征提取能力, 优化了光电坐标检测精度。系统采用由窄波束红外发射单元SFH 4550和PIN型光电二极管阵列组成的1 m×1 m测量光幕, 通过捕捉弹丸遮挡光束产生的光电信号, 构建了“信号采集-特征建模-坐标预测”的完整算法模型。通过线性投影和位置编码将8位二进制传感器状态转化为高维特征, 并在Transformer的多头注意力机制中进行处理, 从而有效地捕捉不同传感器之间的空间关系。通过FPGA对信号的采集与预处理, 以及Transformer模型的特征建模与坐标预测, 系统实现了精确的坐标计算。实验结果表明, 在单点遮挡和多点遮挡的场景下, 所提算法具有较高的定位准确率, 预测坐标的误差范围控制在±1.5 mm内, 与现有系统相比精度得到了显著提升。基于高精度坐标靶纸的测量验证结果表明, 实验精度满足实际应用需求, 为现代武器系统的精细化设计与优化提供了可靠的技术支持。此外, 通过与不同模型进行对比, 验证了基于Transformer的特征提取方法在复杂遮挡场景中具有较好的鲁棒性和实时性。
A projectile targeting coordinate detection algorithm was proposed based on the Transformer architecture to address the problem of insufficient positioning accuracy in complex occlusion scenarios in photoelectric coordinate detection systems. The algorithm combined FPGA for signal acquisition and preprocessing, and leveraged the powerful feature extraction capability of the Transformer to optimize photoelectric coordinate detection accuracy. The system used a 1 m×1 m measurement light curtain composed of narrow-beam infrared emitter SFH 4550 and PIN photodiode arrays. It captured the photoelectric signals generated by the projectile’s obscuring beam to construct a complete algorithm framework of “signal acquisition - feature modeling - coordinate prediction”. The 8-bit binary sensor states were transformed into high-dimensional features through linear projection and positional encoding, and processed in the Transformer’s multi-head attention mechanism to effectively capture spatial relationships between different sensors. By acquiring and preprocessing signals with FPGA and performing feature modeling and coordinate prediction with the Transformer model, the system achieved accurate coordinate computation.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves high positioning accuracy in both single-point and multi-point occlusion scenarios, with the predicted coordinate error range controlled within ±1.5 mm. Compared with existing systems, the accuracy is significantly improved. Measurement verification based on high-precision coordinate target paper shows that the experimental accuracy meets practical application requirements, providing reliable technical support for the refinement and optimization of modern weapon systems. In addition, by comparing different models, the results validate that the Transformer-based feature extraction method in complex occlusion scenarios has good robustness and real-time performance.
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