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1.中北大学 仪器与电子学院,山西 太原 030051
2.中北大学 信息与通信工程学院,山西 太原 030051
3.中国人民解放军 63853 部队,吉林 白城 137001
徐洪亮(2000-), 男, 硕士生, 主要从事动态测试技术与智能仪器仪表设计的研究。
王文廉(1978-), 男, 教授, 博士, 主要从事测试系统与仪器、 信号与信息处理等研究。E⁃mail: wangwenlian@nuc.edu.cn。
收稿:2025-12-15,
网络首发:2026-06-13,
纸质出版:2026-08-31
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徐洪亮, 王玉, 赖富文, 等. 动爆试验中的自适应冲击波超压测试传感研究[J]. 中北大学学报(自然科学版), 2026, 47(4): 449-456.
Xu Hongliang, Wang Yu, Lai Fuwen, et al. Adaptive shock wave overpressure sensing for dynamic explosion testing[J]. Journal of North University of China(Natural Science Edition), 2026, 47(4): 449-456.
徐洪亮, 王玉, 赖富文, 等. 动爆试验中的自适应冲击波超压测试传感研究[J]. 中北大学学报(自然科学版), 2026, 47(4): 449-456. DOI: 10.62756/jnuc.issn.1673-3193.2025.12.0014.
Xu Hongliang, Wang Yu, Lai Fuwen, et al. Adaptive shock wave overpressure sensing for dynamic explosion testing[J]. Journal of North University of China(Natural Science Edition), 2026, 47(4): 449-456. DOI: 10.62756/jnuc.issn.1673-3193.2025.12.0014.
在动态爆炸试验中, 爆心随机偏移会导致冲击波入射方向多变和压力幅值跨度大的问题, 进而使传感器入射角变化显著、 测点超压幅值波动剧烈, 传统测试装置难以同时满足全向响应与宽量程精准测量的要求。针对上述工程难题, 本文研制了一种方向与量程双重自适应的自由场冲击波超压测试装置。装置采用“棒棒糖”结构, 以直径15 mm的球形压电陶瓷为敏感单元, 利用球面均匀敏感特性实现对入射方向±90°范围内超压的近似全向响应; 信号调理模块集成量程自适应控制电路, 构建四通道并行采集结构, 并根据幅值判定实现最优量程通道的自适应选择, 使其兼顾低压段测量精度与高压段抗过载能力, 实现宽动态范围冲击波信号的高精度测量与量程自适应匹配。采用激波管动态校准与爆炸试验进行了联合验证, 实验结果表明, 该传感器动态灵敏度为83.2 μV/Pa, 入射方向为±90°范围内的灵敏度衰减不超过3%, 在爆心位置随机偏移、 冲击波强度大幅变化条件下仍可实现稳定可靠的自由场超压测量。该研究为动态爆炸宽量程、 全向响应冲击波测试提供了新型传感技术方案, 验证了方向与量程双自适应传感原理在爆炸测试中的可行性与工程实用价值。
In dynamic explosion tests, the random offset of the detonation center leads to variable incident directions of shock waves and a wide span of pressure amplitudes. This results in significant variations in the incident angle of the sensor and large fluctuations in the overpressure amplitude at measuring points. Conventional testing devices can hardly meet the requirements of both omnidirectional response and high-precision wide-range measurement simultaneously.To address the above engineering challenges, this paper develops a free-field shock wave overpressure testing device with dual adaptability in direction and range. The device adopts a “lollipop” structure and uses a spherical piezoelectric ceramic with a diameter of 15 mm as the sensing unit. By utilizing the uniform sensitivity characteristic of the spherical surface, an approximately omnidirectional response to overpressure within an incident angle range of ±90° is achieved. The signal conditioning module integrates a range adaptive control circuit, builds a four-channel parallel acquisition structure, and realizes the adaptive selection of the optimal range channel based on amplitude determination, which achieves a balance between the measurement accuracy in the low-pressure section and the overload resistance capacity in the high-pressure section, and realizes high-precision measurement and range adaptive matching of shock wave signals within a wide dynamic range. The performance of the device is verified by a combination of shock tube dynamic calibration and explosion tests. Experimental results show that the dynamic sensitivity of the sensor is 83.2 μV/Pa, and the sensitivity attenuation is less than 3% within the incident angle range of ±90°. Stable and reliable free-field overpressure measurement can still be realized under the conditions of random detonation center offset and large variations in shock wave intensity.This study provides a novel sensing technical solution for wide-range and omnidirectional shock wave measurement in dynamic explosions, and validates the feasibility and engineering practical value of the dual-adaptive sensing principle in explosion testing.
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