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1.中北大学 电子测试技术重点实验室,山西 太原 030051
2.山西机电职业技术学院,山西 长治 046011
李祥宇(2001-), 男, 硕士生, 主要从事高过载冲击脉冲脉宽拓展的研究。
赵锐(1988-), 男, 副教授, 博士, 主要从事MEMS技术、 微惯性技术的研究。E⁃mail: zhaorui@nuc.edu.cn。
收稿:2026-01-14,
网络首发:2026-06-13,
纸质出版:2026-08-31
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李祥宇, 赵锐, 石云波, 等. 基于聚氨酯波形整形器的霍普金森杆脉宽拓展试验方法[J]. 中北大学学报(自然科学版), 2026, 47(4): 457-463.
Li Xiangyu, Zhao Rui, Shi Yunbo, et al. Hopkinson bar pulse width extension test method based on polyurethane wave shaper[J]. Journal of North University of China(Natural Science Edition), 2026, 47(4): 457-463.
李祥宇, 赵锐, 石云波, 等. 基于聚氨酯波形整形器的霍普金森杆脉宽拓展试验方法[J]. 中北大学学报(自然科学版), 2026, 47(4): 457-463. DOI: 10.62756/jnuc.issn.1673-3193.2026.01.0009.
Li Xiangyu, Zhao Rui, Shi Yunbo, et al. Hopkinson bar pulse width extension test method based on polyurethane wave shaper[J]. Journal of North University of China(Natural Science Edition), 2026, 47(4): 457-463. DOI: 10.62756/jnuc.issn.1673-3193.2026.01.0009.
传统霍普金森杆冲击试验中子弹与入射杆之间以瞬态弹性碰撞为主, 导致入射应力脉冲脉宽调控范围有限, 难以
满足百微秒量级力学过载冲击加载的试验需求。本文以8800M型聚氨酯作为波形整形器的材料, 提出一种可控脉宽拓展冲击试验方法。该方法通过在子弹与入射杆接触界面引入聚氨酯波形整形器, 调制初始接触条件与应力波形成过程, 使子弹-入射杆之间的瞬态弹性碰撞转变为接触历程显著延长、 过程可控的非瞬态接触行为, 从而实现入射脉冲上升沿的平缓化及脉宽的有效拓展。基于有限元方法建立子弹-整形器-入射杆有限元模型, 系统分析了整形器厚度(1~10 mm)、 子弹初速度(14~20 m·s
-1
)等关键参数对脉冲峰值与脉宽的影响规律, 明确了厚度为脉宽调控的主导参数, 并且在波形整形器直径为10 mm时脉宽拓展的线性有效区间为1~5 mm。仿真与试验结果表明: 采用聚氨酯波形整形器后, 重复性试验中脉冲脉宽的相对标准偏差为3.28%, 可在保证脉冲波形稳定性的前提下实现脉宽的显著拓展; 不同工况下试验获得的脉冲平均脉宽与仿真结果具有良好的一致性, 最大相对误差为3.25%, 从而验证了所建立模型及研究方法的有效性。
In traditional Hopkinson bar impact tests, the interaction between the projectile and the bar primarily involves transient elastic collisions. This limits the controllable range of the incident stress pulse width, making it difficult to meet the testing requirements for mechanical overload impacts at the hundred-microsecond scale. This paper proposes a controlled pulse width expansion impact testing method using 8800M polyurethane as the waveform shaper material. This method introduces a polyurethane waveform shaper at the bullet-impact rod interface to modulate initial contact conditions and stress wave formation. This transforms the transient elastic collision into a non-transient contact behavior with significantly extended duration and controllable process, thereby achieving a smoother rise of the impact pulse and effective pulse width expansion. A finite element model of the bullet-shaper-impact rod system was established using the finite element method. Key parameters such as shaper thickness (from 1 to 10 mm) and bullet initial velocity (from 14 to 20 m·s
-1
) were systematically analyzed to investigate their influence on pulse peak and width. Thickness was identified as the dominant parameter for pulse width control, with a linear effective range of from 1 to 5 mm for pulse width expansion when the waveform shaper diameter is 10 mm. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the polyurethane waveform shaper achieves a relative standard deviation of 3.28% in
pulse width during repeatability tests, enabling significant pulse width expansion while maintaining stable waveform characteristics. The average pulse widths obtained under various operating conditions exhibit excellent consistency with simulation results, with a maximum relative error of 3.25%, thereby validating the established model and research methodology.
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